Showing posts with label Environmental Change - Road Building. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Environmental Change - Road Building. Show all posts

Sunday, August 18, 2013

Sanitation



Weather: Clouds; last rain 8/08/2013; 13:52 hours of daylight today.

What’s blooming in the area: Hybrid roses, bird of paradise, silver lace vine, Russian sage, roses of Sharon, purple garden phlox, zinnias and African marigolds from seed, cultivated sunflowers, alfalfa.

Beyond the walls and fences: Trumpet creeper, sweet peas, buffalo gourd, purple mat flower, stickleaf, leather-leafed globe mallow, blue trumpets, bindweed, greenleaf five-eyes, silver-leaf nightshade, velvetweed, yellow evening primrose, Hopi tea, Tahoka daisy, golden hairy aster, native Mexican hat, gumweed, horseweed, goldenrod, native sunflowers.

In my yard, looking east: Hosta, baby’s breath, coral bells, winecup mallow, sidalcea.

Looking south: Rugosa, floribunda and miniature roses, Illinois bundle flower.

Looking west: Caryopteris, Johnson Blue geranium, David phlox, catmints, calamintha, sea lavender, ladybells, lead plant, bachelor buttons from seed, Mönch aster.

Looking north: Blackberry lily, golden spur columbine, chocolate flowers, blanket flowers, anthemis, chrysanthemum, dahlias.

In the open, along the drive: Fern bush, Dutch clover, hollyhock, Shirley and California poppies, larkspur, black-eyed Susan, lance-leaf and prairie coreopsis, yellow, red and mixed Mexican hats, Sensation and yellow cosmos.

Bedding plants: Wax begonias, pansies, snapdragons, sweet alyssum, French marigolds, gazanias.

What’s blooming inside: Zonal geraniums, aptenia.

Animal sightings: Ground squirrel, geckos, small bees, hornets, large and small black ants.


Weekly update: Sanitation is one of those things you think everyone learns as a child. Even dogs and cats have rudimentary concepts.

But, it took decades to convince doctors to wash their hands before delivering babies after Joseph Lister and Louis Pasteur had established germs are real.

There are two simple parts: remove and contain things you don’t want, and prevent the spread of things you can’t remove. These are the basis of our first civic improvements, safe drinking water, sewage control, and trash removal.

When you live in the country, there is no local community. The state controls wells, but only to protect the aquifer. Nothing stops someone from putting in a septic field that leaches into someone else’s well - or just dumping chemicals that migrate.

Trash removal is a more distant concept. My local service is now refusing to take away bags they suspect contain weeds, even when the bags are in their required containers.


As people become isolated from farming, they lose their understanding of seeds. You can throw your Siberian elm cuttings over the wall, but the seeds will blow back and the roots creep under. You can burn Russian thistles, but chemicals are released into the air, and the seeds may not be destroyed. You can plow pigweed under, and the seeds come back. You can mow, and seeds fall into the freshly opened soil. You can poison goat’s heads, but the debris remains, with the seeds.

The only way you finally control an unwanted plant is prevent seeds from forming, and getting rid of the ones that do form.

If you get fungus or insects in a plant, burning may or may not help. Getting the diseased material away is all that will work, until nature interrupts the reproduction cycle.

But here, they leave the trees killed by bark beetles to feed future fires. They think only a cold winter will stop the insects from spreading. I have no idea if shredding the trees, and treating them with some chemical would help. It’s too much effort, too much money, too much beyond the imagination of politicians. So, the Jaroso fire was declared contained August 5, but who knows what effect those killed, then burned trees will have on soils and winds that feed the streams that flow into the Santa Cruz lake. From the irrigation channels of my neighbors they spread to me.


When the fire service removed its equipment from the Tres Lagunas fire it announced, "all vehicles that were assigned to the fire are pressure-washed" to prevent spreading some invasive forms of algae to another part of the country.

Do you think anyone who hears that would think they should wash their backhoes when they move from one job to another?

When I ask men if they’ll get their gravel from a particular company, they answer their brother or cousin is cheaper. When I asked if the gravel is cleaned in some way, they look puzzled. What do I mean cleaned? It’s dirt.

I didn’t even bother to ask the tree service if they wash down their tools with bleach. I just refused to take their offer of the free mulch they made from the trees I had cut. I knew one had locust borers. Their feelings were hurt.


When I was teaching English composition in a junior college in Michigan, I discovered the biggest problem was getting students to transfer what they knew about grammar to their own writing. They could do any verb recognition exercise I gave them from a text book. When I asked them to identify the verbs in their own paragraphs, they could not do it.

I don’t know what mental or cultural mechanism prevents or facilitates the transfer of knowledge from the public to the personal, but it is real. Those doctors who refused to wash their hands drank pasturized beer.

Diseases and weeds are not cheaper than the costs of prevention. They are freeloaders that exploit the refusal of politicians to spend money and the difficulty individuals have recognizing universal laws apply to them.


If I do find someone who will remove my bags of garden weeds, it will be the unintended consequence of the failure of individual utilities to consider the public. The first time someone came to look at my inoperative telephone line, "they" were paving the road. A handyman followed his truck into my drive. The road crew had said, take the alternate route, and he wondered if the lineman knew where it was. There is none, unless you’re on an ATV. The signs are put up because that’s standard procedure. Determining if the signs mean anything is not.

As for the telephone line, my internet provider finally figured out the telephony company upgraded the telephone company's equipment and obsoleted the modem the telephone company supplied. No one yet has figured out why my telephone line itself is better at transmitting high-pitched squeals than voices.

There is hope. The internet company is close to providing a wireless DSL alternative that frees me from the telephone company, and allows me to switch to a cell phone. Then, alternate routes will not matter.

Technology advances, but bleach is still necessary.


Notes:
Markel, Howard. "The Doctor Who Made His Students Wash Up," New York Times, 7 October 2003, review of Sherwin B. Nuland, The Doctors' Plague: Germs, Childbed Fever and the Strange Story of Ignac Semmelweis

Tres Lagunas Fire News Release, "Rock Snot and Whirling Disease Also Formidable Foes for Wildland Firefighters," 9 June 2013

Photographs:
1. The backhoe arrived from some unknown place, 14 May 2012. When it returned, the driver had been working in the hay fields of the Four Corners area.

2. The first day he spread sand that had come from some arroyo near Velarde, 14 May 2012. My neighbor, who ordered the sand, said it was cheaper than the local supplier.

3. The second day, the backhoe spread the gravel that came from some quarry west of town, 15 May 2012. The tires, the underbelly, and the bucket/scraper all had places for hitchhiking seeds.

4. A few weeks later, amaranth seedlings emerged near the location of pictures #1 and #3. The picture is of this year’s seedlings taken 25 May 2013.

5. The seedlings grew into three foot plants by mid-August, 13 August 2012.

6. Some kind of white-flowered nightshade came up in the area of picture #2, 17 August 2012.

7. When I was cleaning the drive this spring, I discovered it might be some kind of nettle. When the seeds emerged, I removed them. They were the most vicious seedlings I’ve ever seen, 7 May 2013.


8. The unknown rust-colored loco came up in the same area last summer. It now is producing seed pods, 18 August 2013. So far, it is a benign addition, like the handyman who followed the lineman down my drive.

Sunday, May 05, 2013

The Upper Road


Weather: High winds and very warm afternoons; last rain 4/09/13; 13:47 hours of daylight today.

We’ve had the apricot frost, the apple frost, and this week the one that threatened the grapes, catalpas, black locusts, and roses of Sharon.

What’s blooming in the area: Austrian copper rose, lilacs, iris. Catalpas, grapes leafing.

Beyond the walls and fences: Alfilerillo, hoary cress, western stickseed, tawny and bractless cryptanthas, purple mat flower, greenleaf five-eyes, common dandelion, cheat grass.

In my yard: Siberian pea tree, spirea, tulips, grape hyacinth, Baby Blue iris, Dutch clover, oxalis, vinca, small-leaf soapwort. Buds on snowball. Chocolate flowers emerging. Black locust leafing.

Known unknowns: Pink bud, native dandelion.

What’s blooming inside: Zonal geraniums, petunia.

Animal sightings: Rabbit, small brown birds, gecko, ladybugs on peach, gray butterfly on Dutch clover, harvester and smaller ants.

Keep seeing or scaring up grasshoppers. Not a lot, but they are around.


Weekly update: People say time stands still in New Mexico. Where I live, the surface rocks were laid down during the Miocene, 12 to 15 million years ago, from pieces eroding from the Sangre de Cristo near Picuris. Grasses were evolving, and still dominate.


Of course, some things happened since then. The rift valley already had formed, but the Rio Grande didn’t become a flowing river until 3 or 4 million years ago. The Jémez caldera formed a million years ago. Man arrived.


Clovis is now estimated to have existed 13,500 to 13,000 years ago. Ranchers staked land in the late nineteenth century. I don’t know when they built the road that goes by my house, but someone maintains it, probably with a blade.

The land slopes toward the river. It drops eight feet from the top of the eastern hill to the road. The road is a flattened area that disrupts the flow of water to the down hill side. Just beyond where the road passes my house, the blade pushed dirt to the sides, creating berms that amplified its impact.


The land up hill is undisturbed. The land toward the river is steppe land dominated by winterfat.


I don’t know what dictated the location of the road, if it marked property lines or followed some natural contour it destroyed by its levelness. The land downhill has a gentler slope than the land to the east. The western side of the road is also flatter, while the uphill side has a shallow valley that separates a ridge-like hill from the main slope.


Directly across from the valley a line of cholla cactus grow. Like the grasses, they haven’t recovered from the dry summer of 2011.


The vegetation changes at that line of cholla. There’s little winterfat. If the ground is wet, four-winged salt bushes grow. If the land is dry, there may be a prickly pear.


It’s easy to blame the road. With the ridge, the road begins to cut though the slope on the uphill side, diverting water down the road, rather than across. But, it isn’t simply a matter of different water patterns. Cactus also can be found uphill.


The land is changing. A bit farther down the road, the land drops severely, and the soils are younger, laid down since the retreat of the glaciers.


Drive anywhere in this part of the state, and one of these plants is visible. Cholla grow on the east side of the road on the flat land before La Bajada Hill outside Santa Fé and on the east side going north of Española through San Juan land.


Prickly pear is harder to see because it lies low. Much of the winterfat probably was destroyed by grazing animals. The water loving chamisa, found here in the arroyo, and salt bushes that hug the water courses are found along the shoulders on the road south to Albuquerque where water collects from the pavement.

The vegetation says there’s more to the soil than sandy loam, for these common plants aren’t as promiscuous as they seem.

Notes: Koning, Daniel J. "Preliminary Geologic Map of the Española Quadrangle, Rio Arriba and Santa Fe Counties, New Mexico," May 2002.

Photographs: Unless noted otherwise, pictures taken 3 May 2013.

1. Four-wing salt bush along the road, grass and cholla cactus in back. San Domingo near La Majada, 17 April 2013.

2. Butterfly on Dutch clover, 4 May 2013.

3. Prairie hill looking toward the far arroyo with the triangular bank formation. The change in color marks the two hills, with the low area between. The diagonal tan line toward the right is the ranch roach. The tan stalks are grass that grew last year among the clumps that didn’t survive the previous summer.

4. Ranch road, looking north with the eastern hill to the right. In this area, grasses grow along the eastern berm and Russian thistles grew in the crown last summer. The Siberian elm hasn’t leafed yet this year.

5. Eastern hill with the berm along the road. Winterfat grows along the berm, but not on the hill. Junipers are widely scattered.

6. Across the road, winterfat dominates beyond the road’s berm. No grasses grow between them.

7. Eastern ridge sloping down to a low valley. The winterfat is limited to the berm.

8. Cholla line on western side of road, marking the change between winterfat in back and grasses in front.

9. Prickly pear and four-winged saltbushes, with scattered Russian thistles blown in. Neither the grasses nor the cactus have revived yet this spring.

10. Prickly pear growing among the grasses on the Cholla ridge on the east side of the road. Here the grasses are reviving. Stickleafs grew along the berm last summer.

11. End of the Miocene lands. Beyond the end of the bank, the land is Holocene alluvium.

12. Cholla cactus growing on the Juana Lopez land grant before La Bajada hill near Santa Fé, 15 April 2013.


13. Winterfat growing on Santa Clara land in flood plain in front of bad lands, 6 April 2013. Juniper is growing at the base where stones and water collect.